This was only a simple version of an explanation about the evolution of eyes. The professional article was from https://www.nature.com/articles/eye2017226 Intro The monocellular organism Erythropsidinium evolved to have an eye (the structure where the arrow pointed to is its eye) to track prey and catch
By Jackey Lu Y12 Azhdarchids are the Cretaceous's giant flying storks (long-neck wading birds with long heavy bills). Plenty of articles about them had been written, especially about the record-breaking pterosaurs, the largest of which managed to stand at giraffe height, towering over all in its ecosystem (except
By Winnie Wang Y11 Your cat crouches, extends her neck, and a few seconds later, hacks and gags in distress, with a fresh roll of mashed-up substance in the front. This must be a very familiar scene to those people who have been raising cats for a long time. Yet
By Sylvia Wang Y10 Gallstones form when the bile stored in the gallbladder becomes solid and stone-like. These stones are called “silent” because they usually don’t instigate any pain. These small, hard formations can cause discomfort and complications. Gallstones may block bile ducts and cause inflammation of the gallbladder,
By Christine Yang Y11 Introduction COVID-19, short for Coronavirus Disease 2019, is caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. It was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, resulting in a global pandemic. The primary way of its transmission is through respiratory droplets released when
By Fiona Wang Y10 Above is a picture showing the structure of a mitochondria—the power house that is found in almost all eukaryotic cells. It is in charge of generating energy in form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Looking at the structure, we are
By Aaron Wang Y10 Prolactin, a hormone most often known for its role in promoting milk secretion in mammals, is presented in all vertebrates and some invertebrates, taking a widely differentiated role in each. The article aims to explore the diversification of evolution through the unique roles of prolactin in
By Jenny Hu Y11 What is fasting? Fasting is a practice that involves voluntarily abstaining from consuming food or, in some cases, both food and drink for a specific period of time. During a fasting period, the body relies on stored energy reserves to meet its energy needs, leading to
By Leo Yuan Y10 Introduction to Photosynthesis Plants use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH. The light reaction takes place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts. Photosystems: Large complexes of
By Medpals Osteoporosis is a disease that often occurs in the elderly. Calcium and other minerals in the bones are lost with age and frequent usage of the bones, leading to bone density decrease. As the severity of the condition increases, the bones will gradually hollow out, almost like the
By Y11 Winnie Wang Have you ever heard of catnip? If you have a cute little kitten at home, then you definitely have heard of this mysterious plant. It is famous more for its effect like a stimulant, just a sniff, and then the cat gets excited and joyful. Many
By Ethan Zhao Y11 Last time, we explored how to stop massive hemorrhage in the extremities. In this article, more divisions on how to stop blood would be given. Please read this article with a grain of salt as most of the treatments for hemorrhage are derived from military standards
Jackey Lu
By Jackey Lu With the huge leaps and stride made by Paleontology over the decades we begin to understand extinct animals better than any time before. With the overwhelming amount of creativity within the community a lot of us are beginning to look fondly upon the old outdated paleoart of
Minnie Zhu
By Minnie Zhu Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that targets the body’s immune system. The virus targets specifically the CD4 receptors on CD4+ T cells, a type of T-helper white blood cell containing the CD4 receptors in the lymph nodes. By targeting the white blood cells and
Leo Yuan
By Leo Yuan 🏷️Definition: Pheromones are generally defined as chemicals that, when secreted, give off a signal to another animal of the same species. These signals can trigger a specific behavioral process that is key to survival and reproduction, like mating. For silkworm family moths- Males are noted to travel
By Emily Zhou 中医“养身”睡眠时间 考试、ddl前后，我们多少总会加入临时抱佛脚的阵营。虽然很想倒头就睡，但不得不挑灯夜读或者“闻鸡起舞”。其实重大事件的时候，最重要的就是保证大脑和身体正常运转。那么，在没有办法长时间睡觉的情况下，什么时候补觉是最高效的？ “三寒两倒七分饱”。所谓“两倒”，指的就是“子午觉”。也就是说，在子时和午时补觉：子时大睡，午时小憩。 子时 子时即23点至次日1点。按照中医的说法， “夜半为阴陇，夜半后而为阴衰”。所以子时睡觉可养阴，睡一觉可以重振精神，改善脸色蜡黄。此时的胆正在代谢，过了这段时间就会导致皮肤粗糙、精神萎靡。 “以一日分为四时，朝则为春，日中为夏，日入为秋，夜半为冬”。在半夜应当“冬眠”，顺应自然规律，睡眠效果与质量较其它时刻有事半功倍的效果。 午时 即中午11点到13点。此时正值中午，是人阳气最盛的时候。
Aaron wang
By Aaron Wang Sunscreen has become more and more common in the society nowadays. Before Professor Franz Greiter invented sunscreen in 1946 [1], overexposure to sunlight did not cause skin cancer on a large scale, so why do we need sunscreen anyways, and what is the mechanism between sunlight and
Physiology
By Christine Yang What are fractures? Fractures are a common type of bone injury that occurs when a bone is cracked or broken. They can occur in various shapes and sizes, ranging from small cracks to complete breaks where the bone is separated into two or more pieces. Fractures can
Physiology
By Jenny Hu Imagine if you are going into a convenience store and trying to buy a bottle of Coke. If you were given a choice between a regular soda and one labeled "0 calories and 0 sugar," which one would you choose? Maybe most of the people
Physiology
By Patricia Zhang Introduction to the Disease Let's introduce three elderly figures whose physical and mental health are not as good as they could be: 76-year-old Mr Li, who suddenly felt weak and lost 40 pounds in just six months; 50-year-old Auntie Wang, who suffers from insomnia of
Physiology
By Emily Zhou Symptoms If you don’t look after your postures carefully enough, you might end up being like... Early Symptoms include: -Uneven hips, waist, or shoulders -Back pain -Leaning while standing -One shoulder blade appears more prominent than the other -(Depressed/Anxious mood due to compression on
By Fiona Wang The global temperature is rising rapidly; sea level is rising; glaciers are retreating… How severely our Earth is changing! Climate Change The global temperature is rising rapidly; sea level is rising; glaciers are retreating… How severely our Earth is changing! The climate has changed severely since around
Physiology
By: Frank Zhou Y11 Athletes, admired for their exceptional skills, occasionally experiences underperforming in high-pressure situations, transitioning from “heroes to zeros” on the field. This transformation can be attributed to a complex interplay of physiological and psychological factors. Nervous System When athletes encounter stress, the body instinctively initiates the "
Physiology
By Ethan Zhao Hemorrhage (Which is over blood loss) is responsible for 30 to 40% of trauma mortality, and of these deaths, 33 to 56% occur during the prehospital period. This paragraph serves as a guideline for people who might witness Hemorrhage and in this case, stops the over bloover-bloodd